Modell:

Aktualisierung:

hourly to monthly from 1980 to last month

Greenwich Mean Time:

12:00 UTC = 13:00 MEZ

Auflösung:

0.5° x 0.65°

Parameter:

Bodendruck (schwarze Linien) und äquivalentpotentielle Temperatur in 850 hPa (farbige Linien)

Beschreibung:

Für Mitteleuropa sind die Isobaren zusammen mit den Isolinien der äquivalentpotentiellen Temperatur in 850 hPa dargestellt. Die äquivalentpotentielle Temperatur setzt sich aus der Temperatur und aus der spezifischen Feuchte, beide in 850 hPa, zusammen. Darum sind hier Wetterfronten (starke Drängung der äquivalentpotentiellen Temperatur) noch deutlicher zu sehen als auf der 700-hPa-Feuchtekarte oder auf der 850-hPa-Temperatur- und Geopotentialkarte.

MERRA:

The MERRA time period covers the modern era of remotely sensed data, from 1979 through the present, and the special focus of the atmospheric assimilation is the hydrological cycle. Previous long-term reanalyses of the Earth's climate had high levels of uncertainty in precipitation and inter-annual variability. The GEOS-5 data assimilation system used for MERRA implements Incremental Analysis Updates (IAU) to slowly adjust the model states toward the observed state. The water cycle benefits as unrealistic spin down is minimized. In addition, the model physical parameterizations have been tested and evaluated in a data assimilation context, which also reduces the shock of adjusting the model system. Land surface processes are modeled with the state-of-the-art GEOS-5 Catchment hydrology land surface model. MERRA thus makes significant advances in the representation of the water cycle in reanalyses.

Reanalyse:

Retrospective-analyses (or reanalyses) integrate a variety of observing systems with numerical models to produce a temporally and spatially consistent synthesis of observations and analyses of variables not easily observed. The breadth of variables, as well as observational influence, make reanalyses ideal for investigating climate variability. The Modern Era-Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications supports NASA's Earth science objectives, by applying the state-of-the-art GEOS-5 data assimilation system that includes many modern observing systems (such as EOS) in a climate framework.